Soil, particularly topsoil, is one of a farmer's most valuable assets. Cover crops have long been utilized to provide physical soil protection through plant growth. Farmers can significantly diminish the effects of wind and water erosion by growing a cover when fields are typically bare to protect this valuable resource. Active growing roots can hold soils in place to diminish water erosion, while above-ground growth helps shield topsoil from winds.
Species Selection
Cover crop species that establish quickly and provide adequate ground cover enhance erosion prevention. Dense masses of fine roots are also best for holding soils. While grasses and small grains typically are ideal for erosion prevention, several legumes can help diminish spring erosion when established on time in the fall.Common Cover Crop Species for Fall Erosion Prevention
- Winter Cereal Rye
- Winter Triticale
- Barley
- Annual Ryegrass
- Oats
- Sudex (Residue)
Common Cover Crop Species for Spring Erosion Prevention
- Winter Cereal Rye
- Winter Triticale
- Barley
- Annual Ryegrass
- Clovers (Crimson, Balansa, Red)
- Hairy Vetch
Establish on Time
Farmers must plant cover crops by the recommended dates to enhance their impact on erosion. When established late, legumes, especially, can have lower plant and root growth. This can result in a diminished effect on erosion.Residues Impact on Soil Erosion
In a no-till system, cover crop residue left on the surface can provide additional erosion benefits. This physical barrier can protect soils from rainfall splatter and high winds. Sandy soils, like those in the Coastal Plains and Tidewater Regions, are particularly susceptible to wind erosion.References
- Creamer, N., & Baldwin, K. (2019). Summer Cover Crops. NC State Extension
- Gatiboni, L., & Reberg-Horton, C. (2021). Winter Annual Cover Crops. NC State Extension
